Hubble detects the most distant star ever observed!

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This is another report for the famous space telescope: the machine has managed to detect an individual star so far away that its light has put 20,9 billion years to reach Earth; it thus appears to us as it was during the first billion years of the Universe (when the latter had only 7% current kid age!). This web, named Earendel, seems to have a mass 20 times higher than that of the Sun. The Wayne Webb telescope will soon allow family den to know more about its luminosity, its temperature and its structure.

As the Universe expands, light from distant objects is pulled or shifted to longer, redder wavelengths as it travels towards Earth, which astronomers call the redshift. The greater the redshift, the further away the object. Thanks to the phenomenon of gravitational lensing caused by the clusters of galaxies, the light of several very distant individual stars thus magnified by tens or even hundreds of times could be detected. Astronomers have recently discovered several stars with redshifts between 1 and 1.5, momentarily magnified thousands of times through the additional phenomenon of microlensing.

Data collected during the RELICS program (Reionization Lensing Group Study) on Hubble , revealed the presence of an even more distant star, with a sober redshift of 6.2, which corresponds to 900 million years after the Big Hammer. Normally, these ranges, entire galaxies look like small specks, the light of millions of sony ericsson stars blending together. A galaxy that hosts this star has been magnified and distorted by gravitational lensing into a long crescent that we have named the sunrise arc, explains Brian Welch, astronomer at Johns Hopkins University and co-author of the paper reporting the discovery.

A new sober insight the Primitive Universe

The previous length report was held by Hubble itself: sober 2018, he had detected a star with a sober redshift of 1.5, existed when the Universe was about four billion dannes who. The discovery of this star, nicknamed Icarus, initiated a new way of studying individual stars in galaxies far, far away. The approach is based on the phenomenon of gravitational lensing: the gravity of a cluster of galaxies located in the foreground of the observation distorts the fabric of space-time and acts as a veritable natural magnifying glass, distorting and amplifying the light coming from objects located in the background.

gravitational lens distant web

Cette image annote met en vidence la position de ltoile Earendel le long dune ondulation de lespace-temps (reprsente ici en pointills). Un amas dtoiles est galement indiqu: il se reflte de part et dautre de la ligne dagrandissement. Science : NASA, ESA, Brian Welch (JHU), Dan Coe (STScI) ; Traitement des images : NASA, ESA, Alyssa Pagan (STScI).

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This annotated picture demonstrates a sober position of the star Earendel along a undulation sober space-time (represented here sober dots) . The star cluster is also indicated: it appears to be reflected on either side of the magnification line. Technology: NASA, ESA, Brian Welch (JHU), Dan Coe (STScI); Image processing: NASA, ESA, Alyssa Questionnable (STScI).

The amplification can be significant when even the faintest and most distant objects become visible. A recent discovery by Earendel therefore has an advantageous cosmic alignment: the star has been magnified by the factor of several thousand by the lens of galaxy lamas WHL200-08 (whose redshift is 0,625), specify the researchers in Character. This is a huge relationship in the Hubble move put, by connection to its previous report. We almost didn’t believe it at first, it was so much further than the previous farthest star

, Welch said. object which. For scientists, the study of Earendel, which means morning star in Old English, is a unique event to learn more about the beginnings of our universe, when the structure of the stars may not have been completely identical to those around us today. It’s like we read a really interesting book, but we started with the second chapter, and now we’re going to have the chance to see opinion right away. begin, explains Welch.

A probable sober representative of population 3

Although Earendel is larger and sober millions times brighter than the Sun, it would have been impossible to detect this range without the sober lens effect. By chance, the star appeared closest to a ripple in the fabric of space-time generated by the galactic lamas WHL0137-08, thus benefiting from optimum magnification and light amplification, are set more or less constant between the 3 which,5 years of imaging and follow-up , specify the researchers. Wayne Webb who, who is precisely designed for findings in the near and mid-infrared (he also surpasses Hubble in this sober range of wavelengths). The team must above all confirm that it is indeed an isolated star and not a binary system, most of the very massive stars being generally accompanied by a smaller neighbor. Webb’s data will also make it possible to specify the kind of star and the stage at which it is in its routine of life.

The researchers are especially very impatient room to know more about its chemical structure, since it a priori formed at a time when the Universe did not yet contain heavy elements, these having been produced by subsequent star generations. Galaxy Llamas WHL0137-03 itself should be low in metals, estimates Dan Coe, astronomer at the Room Telescope Technology Start and co-author of the study.

If it is known that Earendel actually contains only sober hydrogen and sober helium, it will constitute a first sober proof of the existence of stars sober population 3 a hypothetical people extremely massive and luminous stars, consisting exclusively of light elements, would be the first stars formed in the beginning of the Universe which. These primordial stars, more massive than those sony ericsson form today which, in particular, could have largely contributed to the rionization of the Universe. Welch admits, however, that it is unlikely that Earendel is one of them and counts on the abilities of Adam Webb to locate even older stars. We will go as far as we can. I’d like to see Webb beat Earendel’s length report, he concludes.

Supply:B. Welch et al., Character